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Most malignant cells displayed moderate cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity. Most colorectal cancers as well as cases of malignant lymphoma, melanoma, prostate, skin, lung and endometrial cancers showed strong cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity. Several cases of renal cancers were negative.
Most malignancies showed weak to moderate nuclear staining. A majority of colorectal cancers and a few cases of endometrial cancers were strongly stained. Several renal and liver cancers were negative.
Most malignancies showed moderate to strong nuclear staining, combined with cases of cytoplasmic positivity. Several malignant gliomas, lung, renal and liver cancers were weakly stained or negative.
Malignant gliomas and melanomas, colorectal, pancreatic, ovarian, breast, prostate, lung cancers displayed moderate to strong cytoplasmic positivity. Remaining malignancies were generally negative.
GENE INFORMATION
Gene name
DFFA (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms
DFF-45, DFF1, DFF45, ICAD
Description
DNA fragmentation factor, 45kDa, alpha polypeptide (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
Apoptosis is a cell death process that removes toxic and/or useless cells during mammalian development. The apoptotic process is accompanied by shrinkage and fragmentation of the cells and nuclei and degradation of the chromosomal DNA into nucleosomal units. DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) is a heterodimeric protein of 40-kD (DFFB) and 45-kD (DFFA) subunits. DFFA is the substrate for caspase-3 and triggers DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. DFF becomes activated when DFFA is cleaved by caspase-3. The cleaved fragments of DFFA dissociate from DFFB, the active component of DFF. DFFB has been found to trigger both DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation during apoptosis. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
