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A single case of papillary adenocarcinoma of thyroid showed strong cytoplasmic staining. Rare cases of colorectal cancer and melanoma displayed moderate positivity. Rare urothelial, ovarian and liver cancers exhibited moderate cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity. Remaining cancers were weakly stained or negative.
Majority cancer tissues showed weak to moderate membranous staining often with cytoplasmic positivity. Few cases of colorectal cancers displayed strong membranous staining while hepatocellular carcinomas exhibited strong cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. Carcinoid, lymphomas and testis cancers were negative.
Most malignancies exhibited weak to moderate cytoplasmic positivity. Malignant lymphomas, urothelial, renal, stomach, pancreatic and liver cancers were mainly negative.
GENE INFORMATION
Gene name
GSTM2 (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms
GST4
Description
Glutathione S-transferase mu 2 (muscle) (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-transferase that belongs to the mu class. The mu class of enzymes functions in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding the mu class of enzymes are organized in a gene cluster on chromosome 1p13.3 and are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of certain drugs. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]