DICTIONARY

The aim of the dictionary is to facilitate the interpretation and use of the image-based data available in the Human Protein Atlas, but also to serve as a tool for training and understanding tissue histology, pathology and cell biology. The dictionary contains three main parts, normal tissues, cancer tissues and cells, and is based on high-resolution images at different magnifications of full tissue sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). The cell atlas is centered on immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy images, using different color channels to highlight the organelle structure of a cell.

 

NORMAL TISSUE HISTOLOGY

   

CANCER HISTOLOGY

   

CELL STRUCTURE

   

PROTEIN EXPRESSION

 
               
  Tissue histology overview     Hallmarks of cancer     Cell structure overview      
 



Tissue & cell types

Adrenal gland
Anal skin
Appendix
Bone marrow
Breast
Bronchus
Caudate
Cerebellum
Cerebral cortex
Cervix, uterine
Colon
Duodenum
Endometrium
Epididymis
Esophagus
Fallopian tube
Gallbladder
Heart muscle
Hippocampus
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Lymph node
Nasopharynx
Oral mucosa
Ovary
Pancreas
Parathyroid gland
Placenta
Prostate
Rectum
Salivary gland
Seminal vesicle
Skeletal muscle
Skin
Small intestine
Smooth muscle
Soft tissue
Spleen
Stomach, lower
Stomach, upper
Testis
Thyroid gland
Tonsil
Urinary bladder
Vagina
   

Cancer statistics

Tumors

Breast cancer
Carcinoid
Cervical cancer
Colorectal cancer
Endometrial cancer
Glioma
Head and neck cancer
Liver cancer
Lung cancer
Lymphoma
Melanoma
Ovarian cancer
Pancreatic cancer
Prostate cancer
Renal cancer
Skin cancer
Stomach cancer
Testis cancer
Thyroid cancer
Urothelial cancer
   

Single-cell variation

Cell structures

Actin filaments
Aggresome
Cell Junctions
Centrosome
Cytokinetic bridge
Cytoplasmic bodies
Cytosol
Endoplasmic reticulum
Endosomes
Focal adhesion sites
Golgi apparatus
Intermediate filaments
Lipid droplets
Lysosomes
Microtubule ends
Microtubule organizing center
Microtubules
Midbody
Midbody ring
Mitochondria
Mitotic spindle
Nuclear bodies
Nuclear membrane
Nuclear speckles
Nucleoli
Nucleoli fibrillar center
Nucleoplasm
Nucleus
Peroxisomes
Plasma membrane
Rods & Rings
Vesicles
   



Immunohistochemistry

ACTA2
Smooth muscle marker
AMACR
Marker for prostate cancer
AMY1A
Amylase - Marker for salivary gland and pancreas
CD1A
Marker for antigen presenting cells
CD3E
CD3 - General T cell marker
CD4
T helper cell marker
CD55
Marker for the reticular network in lymphatic tissues
CD68
General monocyte/histiocyte/macrophage marker
CD79A
General B cell marker
CD8A
CD8 - T cytotoxic cell marker
CDH1
E-cadherin - Marker for non-neural epithelial cells
CDX2
Marker for cells in the gastrointestinal tract
CHGA
Chromogranin A - Marker for neuroendocrine cells
DES
Desmin - Marker for muscle cells
ERBB2
HER2 - Treatment predictive marker for cancer
ESR1
Estrogen receptor alpha - Marker for female tissues and cancers
FLG
Filaggrin - Differentiation marker for squamous epithelia
GAST
Gastrin - Marker for G-cells of the stomach
GCG
Glucagon - Marker for pancreatic alpha-cells
GFAP
Glial fibrillary acidic protein - Marker for astrocytes
INS
Insulin - Marker for pancreatic beta-cells
KLK3
PSA - Marker for normal prostate and prostate cancer
KRT18
Keratin 18 - Epithelial cell marker used for differential diagnostics of cancer
KRT19
Keratin 19 - Epithelial cell marker used for differential diagnostics of cancer
KRT20
Keratin 20 - Epithelial cell marker used for differential diagnostics of cancer
KRT6A
Keratin 6 (KRT6) - Epithelial cell marker used for differential diagnostics of cancer
MKI67
Ki-67 - General marker for proliferation
MLANA
Melan-A - Marker for normal melanocytes and melanoma
MME
CD10 - Marker for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
NKX2-1
NK2 homeobox 1 (TTF1) - Marker for lungcancer
PECAM1
CD31 - Marker for blood vessels
PGR
Progesterone receptor - Marker for female tissues and cancers
PODXL
Marker for podocytes in glomeruli
PTH
Parathyroid hormone - Marker for the parathyroid gland
PTPRC
CD45 - General marker for hematopoietic and immune cells.
S100B
S100 - Marker for neurogenic and melanocytic cells
SATB2
Marker for colorectal cancer
SDC1
CD138 - General plasma cell marker
SST
Somatostatin - Marker for pancreatic delta-cells
TG
Thyroglobulin - Marker for normal thyroid and thyroid cancer
TNNT3
Troponin T type 3 - Marker for fast skeletal muscles
TP53
Tumor protein p53 - The anti-cancer watchdog
TP63
P63 - Marker for basal epithelial cells
VIM
Vimentin - Marker for mesenchymal cells
 
 

Complementary annotation dictionaries using antibodies found in the Human Protein Atlas are available as PDF-documents:

Immunohistochemistry annotation dictionary: screen usage (15MB), printing (95MB).