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Weak to moderate cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was observed in most cancer tissues. Additional membranous staining was observed in colorectal, pancreatic and ovarian cancers. Malignant lymphomas along with several malignant carcinoids, gliomas, thyroid and lung cancers were generally negative.
A few cases of pancreatic, urothelial, skin and coloreactal cancers showed moderate to strong membranous positivity. Cancer cells in general were negative.
Pancreatic and urothelial cancers as well as several cases of squamous cell carcinomas of skin, cholangiocarcinomas, lung and gastric cancers showed moderate to strong cytoplasmic and sometimes membranous positivity. Remaining cancers were weakly stained or negative.
GENE INFORMATION
Gene name
ITGB4 (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms
CD104
Description
Integrin, beta 4 (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
Integrins are heterodimers comprised of alpha and beta subunits, that are noncovalently associated transmembrane glycoprotein receptors. Different combinations of alpha and beta polypeptides form complexes that vary in their ligand-binding specificities. Integrins mediate cell-matrix or cell-cell adhesion, and transduced signals that regulate gene expression and cell growth. This gene encodes the integrin beta 4 subunit, a receptor for the laminins. This subunit tends to associate with alpha 6 subunit and is likely to play a pivotal role in the biology of invasive carcinoma. Mutations in this gene are associated with epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]