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Several cases of colorectal and endometrial cancers as well as a few gastric cancers showed moderate to strong cytoplasmic and/or membranous staining. Cases of melanomas, urothelial and cervix cancers displayed strong cytoplasmic positivity. Remaining cancers were weakly stained or negative.
Few urothelial, ovarian, endometrial, testis, thyroid cancers and melanomas showed moderate to strong cytoplasmic positivity. Other cancer tissues were weakly stained or negative.
Lysyl hydroxylase is a membrane-bound homodimeric protein localized to the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum. The enzyme (cofactors iron and ascorbate) catalyzes the hydroxylation of lysyl residues in collagen-like peptides. The resultant hydroxylysyl groups are attachment sites for carbohydrates in collagen and thus are critical for the stability of intermolecular crosslinks. Some patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI have deficiencies in lysyl hydroxylase activity. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]