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Hepatocellular carcinomas showed strong granular cytoplasmic immunoreactivity while melanomas and colorectal cancers displayed several cases with moderate staining. Remaining cancer tissues were weakly stained or negative.
Most cancer cells were negative or displayed weak cytoplasmic positivity. A few breast, thyroid and testicular cancers were moderately stained.
GENE INFORMATION
Gene name
TSC2 (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms
LAM, PPP1R160, TSC4, tuberin
Description
Tuberous sclerosis 2 (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
Mutations in this gene lead to tuberous sclerosis complex. Its gene product is believed to be a tumor suppressor and is able to stimulate specific GTPases. The protein associates with hamartin in a cytosolic complex, possibly acting as a chaperone for hamartin. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Predicted membrane proteins Prediction method-based Membrane proteins predicted by MDM MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins Phobius predicted membrane proteins SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins # TM segments-based 1TM proteins predicted by MDM Cancer-related genes Mutational cancer driver genes COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Splicing Mutations COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Nonsense Mutations COSMIC Missense Mutations COSMIC Large Deletions COSMIC Germline Mutations COSMIC Frameshift Mutations Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0005096 [GTPase activator activity] GO:0005488 [binding] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0030178 [negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway] GO:0032007 [negative regulation of TOR signaling] GO:0033596 [TSC1-TSC2 complex] GO:0043547 [positive regulation of GTPase activity] GO:0046627 [negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway] GO:0051056 [regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction] GO:0051726 [regulation of cell cycle] GO:0051898 [negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling]
Predicted intracellular proteins Cancer-related genes Mutational cancer driver genes COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Splicing Mutations COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Nonsense Mutations COSMIC Missense Mutations COSMIC Large Deletions COSMIC Germline Mutations COSMIC Frameshift Mutations Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0005096 [GTPase activator activity] GO:0030178 [negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway] GO:0032007 [negative regulation of TOR signaling] GO:0033596 [TSC1-TSC2 complex] GO:0043547 [positive regulation of GTPase activity] GO:0046627 [negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway] GO:0051056 [regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction] GO:0051726 [regulation of cell cycle] GO:0051898 [negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling]
SCAMPI predicted membrane proteins TMHMM predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Cancer-related genes Mutational cancer driver genes COSMIC somatic mutations in cancer genes COSMIC Splicing Mutations COSMIC Somatic Mutations COSMIC Nonsense Mutations COSMIC Missense Mutations COSMIC Large Deletions COSMIC Germline Mutations COSMIC Frameshift Mutations Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0030178 [negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway] GO:0032007 [negative regulation of TOR signaling] GO:0043547 [positive regulation of GTPase activity] GO:0046627 [negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway] GO:0051726 [regulation of cell cycle] GO:0051898 [negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling]