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A majority of malignancies showed weak to moderate cytoplasmic staining. Hepatocellular carcinomas and a few cases of lung cancers were strongly stained. Malignant lymphomas were in general negative.
GENE INFORMATION
Gene name
GGCX (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms
VKCFD1
Description
Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
This gene encodes an integral membrane protein of the rough endoplasmic reticulum that carboxylates glutamate residues of vitamin K-dependent proteins to gamma carboxyl glutamate, a modification that is required for their activity. The vitamin K-dependent protein substrates have a propeptide that binds the enzyme, with carbon dioxide, dioxide, and reduced vitamin K acting as co-substrates. Vitamin K-dependent proteins affect a number of physiologic processes including blood coagulation, prevention of vascular calcification, and inflammation. Allelic variants of this gene have been associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like disorder with associated multiple coagulation factor deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2015]
