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Malignancies generally showed moderate to strong cytoplasmic immunoreactivity often combined with membranous positivity. Testicular cancers as well as several cases of thyroid, colorectal and breast cancers were weakly stained or negative.
Cancer tissues displayed a variable staining pattern, ranging from negative cases to moderate cytoplasmic and membranous staining within the same cancer type.
GENE INFORMATION
Gene name
B2M
Synonyms
Description
Beta-2-microglobulin (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
This gene encodes a serum protein found in association with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells. The protein has a predominantly beta-pleated sheet structure that can form amyloid fibrils in some pathological conditions. The encoded antimicrobial protein displays antibacterial activity in amniotic fluid. A mutation in this gene has been shown to result in hypercatabolic hypoproteinemia.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2014]
P61769 [Direct mapping] Beta-2-microglobulin Beta-2-microglobulin form pI 5.3
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MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins Predicted secreted proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC SignalP predicted secreted proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins Plasma proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Mutated cancer genes Mutational cancer driver genes Disease related genes Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000139 [Golgi membrane] GO:0001895 [retina homeostasis] GO:0001916 [positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity] GO:0001948 [glycoprotein binding] GO:0002237 [response to molecule of bacterial origin] GO:0002474 [antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I] GO:0002479 [antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent] GO:0002480 [antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-independent] GO:0002481 [antigen processing and presentation of exogenous protein antigen via MHC class Ib, TAP-dependent] GO:0002726 [positive regulation of T cell cytokine production] GO:0003254 [regulation of membrane depolarization] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005576 [extracellular region] GO:0005615 [extracellular space] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005788 [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] GO:0005794 [Golgi apparatus] GO:0005886 [plasma membrane] GO:0005925 [focal adhesion] GO:0009897 [external side of plasma membrane] GO:0012507 [ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane] GO:0016020 [membrane] GO:0016032 [viral process] GO:0019221 [cytokine-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0019731 [antibacterial humoral response] GO:0019885 [antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I] GO:0030670 [phagocytic vesicle membrane] GO:0031901 [early endosome membrane] GO:0031905 [early endosome lumen] GO:0032092 [positive regulation of protein binding] GO:0033077 [T cell differentiation in thymus] GO:0042026 [protein refolding] GO:0042493 [response to drug] GO:0042590 [antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I] GO:0042612 [MHC class I protein complex] GO:0042802 [identical protein binding] GO:0044267 [cellular protein metabolic process] GO:0045087 [innate immune response] GO:0046686 [response to cadmium ion] GO:0048260 [positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis] GO:0050690 [regulation of defense response to virus by virus] GO:0050776 [regulation of immune response] GO:0050829 [defense response to Gram-negative bacterium] GO:0050830 [defense response to Gram-positive bacterium] GO:0055072 [iron ion homeostasis] GO:0060333 [interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome] GO:0071222 [cellular response to lipopolysaccharide] GO:0071281 [cellular response to iron ion] GO:1900121 [negative regulation of receptor binding] GO:1900122 [positive regulation of receptor binding] GO:1903991 [positive regulation of ferrous iron import into cell] GO:1904434 [positive regulation of ferrous iron binding] GO:1904437 [positive regulation of transferrin receptor binding] GO:1990712 [HFE-transferrin receptor complex]
P61769 [Direct mapping] Beta-2-microglobulin Beta-2-microglobulin form pI 5.3
Show all
MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins Predicted secreted proteins Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC SignalP predicted secreted proteins Phobius predicted secreted proteins SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins Plasma proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Mutated cancer genes Mutational cancer driver genes Disease related genes Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000139 [Golgi membrane] GO:0001895 [retina homeostasis] GO:0001948 [glycoprotein binding] GO:0002474 [antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I] GO:0002479 [antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent] GO:0002480 [antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-independent] GO:0002726 [positive regulation of T cell cytokine production] GO:0003254 [regulation of membrane depolarization] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005576 [extracellular region] GO:0005615 [extracellular space] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005788 [endoplasmic reticulum lumen] GO:0005794 [Golgi apparatus] GO:0005886 [plasma membrane] GO:0005925 [focal adhesion] GO:0012507 [ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane] GO:0016020 [membrane] GO:0016032 [viral process] GO:0019221 [cytokine-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0019731 [antibacterial humoral response] GO:0019885 [antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I] GO:0030670 [phagocytic vesicle membrane] GO:0031901 [early endosome membrane] GO:0031905 [early endosome lumen] GO:0032092 [positive regulation of protein binding] GO:0042590 [antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I] GO:0042612 [MHC class I protein complex] GO:0042802 [identical protein binding] GO:0044267 [cellular protein metabolic process] GO:0045087 [innate immune response] GO:0048260 [positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis] GO:0050690 [regulation of defense response to virus by virus] GO:0050776 [regulation of immune response] GO:0050829 [defense response to Gram-negative bacterium] GO:0050830 [defense response to Gram-positive bacterium] GO:0055072 [iron ion homeostasis] GO:0060333 [interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway] GO:0070062 [extracellular exosome] GO:0071222 [cellular response to lipopolysaccharide] GO:0071281 [cellular response to iron ion] GO:1900121 [negative regulation of receptor binding] GO:1900122 [positive regulation of receptor binding] GO:1903991 [positive regulation of ferrous iron import into cell] GO:1904434 [positive regulation of ferrous iron binding] GO:1904437 [positive regulation of transferrin receptor binding] GO:1990712 [HFE-transferrin receptor complex]