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GREM1

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GENERAL INFORMATION

Gene name

 GREM1

Gene description

 Gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist

Protein class

 Disease related genes
Predicted secreted proteins

Predicted localization

 Secreted

Number of transcripts

 3
SHOW MORE

HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS INFORMATION

Summary

RNA cell category

 Cell line enhanced (BJ hTERT+, BJ hTERT+ SV40 Large T+ RasG12V, BJ, LHCN-M2)

Protein evidence

 Evidence at protein level

Main location

 Not available

DATA RELIABILITY

Reliability score

 Pending cell analysis.

ASSAYS
RNA expression

RNA EXPRESSION OVERVIEW
RNA cell line category: Cell line enhanced (BJ hTERT+, BJ hTERT+ SV40 Large T+ RasG12V, BJ, LHCN-M2)
Organ
Origin
Category
Expression
Alphabetical
Cell lines sorted after organ of phenotypic resemblance.

GENE INFORMATION

Gene name

 GREM1 (HGNC Symbol)

Synonyms

 CKTSF1B1, CRAC1, DAND2, DRM, gremlin, HMPS

Description

 Gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist (HGNC Symbol)

Entrez gene summary

 This gene encodes a member of the BMP (bone morphogenic protein) antagonist family. Like BMPs, BMP antagonists contain cystine knots and typically form homo- and heterodimers. The CAN (cerberus and dan) subfamily of BMP antagonists, to which this gene belongs, is characterized by a C-terminal cystine knot with an eight-membered ring. The antagonistic effect of the secreted glycosylated protein encoded by this gene is likely due to its direct binding to BMP proteins. As an antagonist of BMP, this gene may play a role in regulating organogenesis, body patterning, and tissue differentiation. In mouse, this protein has been shown to relay the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signal from the polarizing region to the apical ectodermal ridge during limb bud outgrowth. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

Chromosome

 15

Cytoband

 q13.3

Chromosome location (bp)

 32717974 - 32745107

Protein evidence

 Evidence at protein level (all genes)

Ensembl

 ENSG00000166923 (version 83.38)

Entrez gene

 26585

UniProt

 O60565 (UniProt - Evidence at protein level)

neXtProt

 NX_O60565

Antibodypedia

 GREM1 antibodies

PROTEIN BROWSER
GREM1-001
GREM1-002
GREM1-005

PROTEIN INFORMATION

Splice variant

UniProt

Protein class

Gene ontology

Length & mass

Signal peptide
(predicted)

Transmembrane regions
(predicted)
GREM1-001
ENSP00000478319
ENST00000622074
O60565 [Direct mapping]
Gremlin-1
A6XAA7 [Target identity:100%; Query identity:100%]
Gremlin
Show all
   MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins
Predicted secreted proteins
   Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC
   SignalP predicted secreted proteins
   Phobius predicted secreted proteins
   SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins
Disease related genes
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000902 [cell morphogenesis]
GO:0001525 [angiogenesis]
GO:0001658 [branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis]
GO:0002042 [cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis]
GO:0002092 [positive regulation of receptor internalization]
GO:0002689 [negative regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis]
GO:0003257 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation]
GO:0003337 [mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis]
GO:0005125 [cytokine activity]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005615 [extracellular space]
GO:0006915 [apoptotic process]
GO:0007165 [signal transduction]
GO:0007171 [activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity]
GO:0007267 [cell-cell signaling]
GO:0008284 [positive regulation of cell proliferation]
GO:0009887 [organ morphogenesis]
GO:0009954 [proximal/distal pattern formation]
GO:0009986 [cell surface]
GO:0010717 [regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition]
GO:0016015 [morphogen activity]
GO:0030199 [collagen fibril organization]
GO:0030297 [transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity]
GO:0030308 [negative regulation of cell growth]
GO:0030326 [embryonic limb morphogenesis]
GO:0030502 [negative regulation of bone mineralization]
GO:0030514 [negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway]
GO:0032331 [negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation]
GO:0033689 [negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation]
GO:0036122 [BMP binding]
GO:0042346 [positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus]
GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process]
GO:0043184 [vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding]
GO:0043542 [endothelial cell migration]
GO:0045766 [positive regulation of angiogenesis]
GO:0045892 [negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated]
GO:0045893 [positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated]
GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter]
GO:0046851 [negative regulation of bone remodeling]
GO:0048018 [receptor agonist activity]
GO:0048263 [determination of dorsal identity]
GO:0051092 [positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity]
GO:0051893 [regulation of focal adhesion assembly]
GO:0051973 [positive regulation of telomerase activity]
GO:0060173 [limb development]
GO:0060394 [negative regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation]
GO:0060676 [ureteric bud formation]
GO:0061098 [positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity]
GO:0090027 [negative regulation of monocyte chemotaxis]
GO:0090090 [negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway]
GO:0090190 [positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis]
GO:0090191 [negative regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis]
GO:0090291 [negative regulation of osteoclast proliferation]
GO:1900086 [positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation]
GO:1900155 [negative regulation of bone trabecula formation]
GO:1900158 [negative regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation]
GO:2000273 [positive regulation of receptor activity]
GO:2000727 [positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation]
Show all
 184 aa
20.7 kDa 		Yes 0
GREM1-002
ENSP00000453141
ENST00000560830
O60565 [Direct mapping]
Gremlin-1
Show all
   MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins
Predicted secreted proteins
   Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC
   SignalP predicted secreted proteins
   Phobius predicted secreted proteins
   SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins
Disease related genes
Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014)
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000902 [cell morphogenesis]
GO:0002042 [cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis]
GO:0002092 [positive regulation of receptor internalization]
GO:0003257 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation]
GO:0005125 [cytokine activity]
GO:0005515 [protein binding]
GO:0005615 [extracellular space]
GO:0007165 [signal transduction]
GO:0008284 [positive regulation of cell proliferation]
GO:0010717 [regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition]
GO:0016015 [morphogen activity]
GO:0030199 [collagen fibril organization]
GO:0030297 [transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity]
GO:0030502 [negative regulation of bone mineralization]
GO:0030514 [negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway]
GO:0032331 [negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation]
GO:0033689 [negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation]
GO:0036122 [BMP binding]
GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process]
GO:0043184 [vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding]
GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter]
GO:0046851 [negative regulation of bone remodeling]
GO:0048018 [receptor agonist activity]
GO:0048263 [determination of dorsal identity]
GO:0051973 [positive regulation of telomerase activity]
GO:0060173 [limb development]
GO:0060394 [negative regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation]
GO:0090027 [negative regulation of monocyte chemotaxis]
GO:0090090 [negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway]
GO:0090291 [negative regulation of osteoclast proliferation]
GO:1900086 [positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation]
GO:1900155 [negative regulation of bone trabecula formation]
GO:1900158 [negative regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation]
GO:2000273 [positive regulation of receptor activity]
GO:2000727 [positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation]
Show all
 143 aa
16.3 kDa 		Yes 0
GREM1-005
ENSP00000453387
ENST00000560677
H0YLY2 [Direct mapping]
Gremlin-1
Show all
   MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins
   TMHMM predicted membrane proteins
Predicted secreted proteins
   Secreted proteins predicted by MDSEC
   SignalP predicted secreted proteins
   Phobius predicted secreted proteins
   SPOCTOPUS predicted secreted proteins
Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
 42 aa
4.3 kDa 		Yes 0

Contact

The Project

The Human Protein Atlas

The Human Protein Atlas project is funded
by the Knut & Alice Wallenberg foundation.