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Blood group antigen proteins, Candidate cardiovascular disease genes, Disease related genes, FDA approved drug targets, Plasma proteins, Predicted secreted proteins
Several cases of hepatocellular carcinomas, breast, endometrial, ovarian, prostate and thyroid cancers along with occasional cases of gliomas and renal cancers showed moderate to strong cytoplasmic and occasional membranous positivity. Remaining cancer tissues were weakly stained or negative.
Moderate granular cytoplasmic positivity was exhibited in several breast cancers along with gliomas, colorectal, cervical, lung, stomach and liver cancers. Several cases of prostate cancers were moderate to strongly stained. Remaining cancer tissues were negative.
Most tumour tissues displayed moderate to strong cytoplasmic and/or membranous positivity. Lymphomas along with several cases of gliomas, melanomas, endometrial, testicular and stomach cancers were negative.
This gene encodes the basic form of complement factor 4, part of the classical activation pathway. The protein is expressed as a single chain precursor which is proteolytically cleaved into a trimer of alpha, beta, and gamma chains prior to secretion. The trimer provides a surface for interaction between the antigen-antibody complex and other complement components. The alpha chain may be cleaved to release C4 anaphylatoxin, a mediator of local inflammation. Deficiency of this protein is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. This gene localizes to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region on chromosome 6. Varying haplotypes of this gene cluster exist, such that individuals may have 1, 2, or 3 copies of this gene. In addition, this gene exists as a long form and a short form due to the presence or absence of a 6.4 kb endogenous HERV-K retrovirus in intron 9. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
