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Weak to moderate cytoplasmic positivity was observed in a majority of cancers. Several lymphomas and a few cases of colorectal cancer were strongly stained. A majority of gliomas, testicular and renal cancers were negative.
Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
This gene encodes a 105 kD protein which can undergo cotranslational processing by the 26S proteasome to produce a 50 kD protein. The 105 kD protein is a Rel protein-specific transcription inhibitor and the 50 kD protein is a DNA binding subunit of the NF-kappa-B (NFKB) protein complex. NFKB is a transcription regulator that is activated by various intra- and extra-cellular stimuli such as cytokines, oxidant-free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or viral products. Activated NFKB translocates into the nucleus and stimulates the expression of genes involved in a wide variety of biological functions. Inappropriate activation of NFKB has been associated with a number of inflammatory diseases while persistent inhibition of NFKB leads to inappropriate immune cell development or delayed cell growth. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]
THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Plasma proteins Transcription factors Immunoglobulin fold RAS pathway related proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0000122 [negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0000975 [regulatory region DNA binding] GO:0000976 [transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000977 [RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000980 [RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0001205 [transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding] GO:0001227 [transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific binding] GO:0001818 [negative regulation of cytokine production] GO:0002223 [stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway] GO:0002224 [toll-like receptor signaling pathway] GO:0002755 [MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway] GO:0002756 [MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway] GO:0003677 [DNA binding] GO:0003682 [chromatin binding] GO:0003690 [double-stranded DNA binding] GO:0003700 [transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005739 [mitochondrion] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006366 [transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0006915 [apoptotic process] GO:0006954 [inflammatory response] GO:0006979 [response to oxidative stress] GO:0007165 [signal transduction] GO:0007249 [I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0008134 [transcription factor binding] GO:0009617 [response to bacterium] GO:0010628 [positive regulation of gene expression] GO:0010744 [positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation] GO:0010884 [positive regulation of lipid storage] GO:0010956 [negative regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity] GO:0010957 [negative regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process] GO:0014070 [response to organic cyclic compound] GO:0031072 [heat shock protein binding] GO:0031293 [membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis] GO:0032269 [negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process] GO:0032375 [negative regulation of cholesterol transport] GO:0032481 [positive regulation of type I interferon production] GO:0033256 [I-kappaB/NF-kappaB complex] GO:0034134 [toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway] GO:0034138 [toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway] GO:0034142 [toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway] GO:0034146 [toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway] GO:0034162 [toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway] GO:0034166 [toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway] GO:0035666 [TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway] GO:0035994 [response to muscle stretch] GO:0038061 [NIK/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0038095 [Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway] GO:0038123 [toll-like receptor TLR1:TLR2 signaling pathway] GO:0038124 [toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 signaling pathway] GO:0042802 [identical protein binding] GO:0042803 [protein homodimerization activity] GO:0042805 [actinin binding] GO:0043005 [neuron projection] GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0043234 [protein complex] GO:0043565 [sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0044212 [transcription regulatory region DNA binding] GO:0045083 [negative regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process] GO:0045087 [innate immune response] GO:0045892 [negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0045893 [positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0046688 [response to copper ion] GO:0046982 [protein heterodimerization activity] GO:0048011 [neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway] GO:0050728 [negative regulation of inflammatory response] GO:0050852 [T cell receptor signaling pathway] GO:0051092 [positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity] GO:0051403 [stress-activated MAPK cascade] GO:0071222 [cellular response to lipopolysaccharide] GO:0071260 [cellular response to mechanical stimulus] GO:0071316 [cellular response to nicotine] GO:0071322 [cellular response to carbohydrate stimulus] GO:0071347 [cellular response to interleukin-1] GO:0071354 [cellular response to interleukin-6] GO:0071356 [cellular response to tumor necrosis factor] GO:0071359 [cellular response to dsRNA] GO:0071375 [cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus] GO:0071407 [cellular response to organic cyclic compound] GO:0090263 [positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway] GO:1900127 [positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process] GO:1901653 [cellular response to peptide] GO:1904630 [cellular response to diterpene] GO:1904632 [cellular response to glucoside] GO:1990416 [cellular response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus] GO:2000630 [positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process]
THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Plasma proteins Transcription factors Immunoglobulin fold RAS pathway related proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000122 [negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0000975 [regulatory region DNA binding] GO:0000976 [transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000977 [RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000980 [RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0001205 [transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding] GO:0001227 [transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific binding] GO:0002223 [stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway] GO:0002224 [toll-like receptor signaling pathway] GO:0002755 [MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway] GO:0002756 [MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway] GO:0003677 [DNA binding] GO:0003682 [chromatin binding] GO:0003700 [transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005739 [mitochondrion] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006366 [transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0006915 [apoptotic process] GO:0006954 [inflammatory response] GO:0007165 [signal transduction] GO:0007249 [I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0008134 [transcription factor binding] GO:0010744 [positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation] GO:0010884 [positive regulation of lipid storage] GO:0010956 [negative regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity] GO:0010957 [negative regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process] GO:0031293 [membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis] GO:0032269 [negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process] GO:0032375 [negative regulation of cholesterol transport] GO:0032481 [positive regulation of type I interferon production] GO:0033256 [I-kappaB/NF-kappaB complex] GO:0034134 [toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway] GO:0034138 [toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway] GO:0034142 [toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway] GO:0034146 [toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway] GO:0034162 [toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway] GO:0034166 [toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway] GO:0035666 [TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway] GO:0038061 [NIK/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0038095 [Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway] GO:0038123 [toll-like receptor TLR1:TLR2 signaling pathway] GO:0038124 [toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 signaling pathway] GO:0042802 [identical protein binding] GO:0042805 [actinin binding] GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0044212 [transcription regulatory region DNA binding] GO:0045087 [innate immune response] GO:0045893 [positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0046982 [protein heterodimerization activity] GO:0048011 [neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway] GO:0050852 [T cell receptor signaling pathway] GO:0051092 [positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity] GO:0051403 [stress-activated MAPK cascade] GO:0071222 [cellular response to lipopolysaccharide] GO:0071260 [cellular response to mechanical stimulus] GO:0071316 [cellular response to nicotine] GO:0071347 [cellular response to interleukin-1] GO:0071354 [cellular response to interleukin-6] GO:0071375 [cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus] GO:0090263 [positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway] GO:1900127 [positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process] GO:2000630 [positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process]
THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Plasma proteins Transcription factors Immunoglobulin fold RAS pathway related proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000122 [negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0000975 [regulatory region DNA binding] GO:0000976 [transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000977 [RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000980 [RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0001205 [transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding] GO:0001227 [transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific binding] GO:0002223 [stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway] GO:0002224 [toll-like receptor signaling pathway] GO:0002755 [MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway] GO:0002756 [MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway] GO:0003677 [DNA binding] GO:0003682 [chromatin binding] GO:0003700 [transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005739 [mitochondrion] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006366 [transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0006915 [apoptotic process] GO:0006954 [inflammatory response] GO:0007165 [signal transduction] GO:0007249 [I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0008134 [transcription factor binding] GO:0010744 [positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation] GO:0010884 [positive regulation of lipid storage] GO:0010956 [negative regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity] GO:0010957 [negative regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process] GO:0031293 [membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis] GO:0032269 [negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process] GO:0032375 [negative regulation of cholesterol transport] GO:0032481 [positive regulation of type I interferon production] GO:0033256 [I-kappaB/NF-kappaB complex] GO:0034134 [toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway] GO:0034138 [toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway] GO:0034142 [toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway] GO:0034146 [toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway] GO:0034162 [toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway] GO:0034166 [toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway] GO:0035666 [TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway] GO:0038061 [NIK/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0038095 [Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway] GO:0038123 [toll-like receptor TLR1:TLR2 signaling pathway] GO:0038124 [toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 signaling pathway] GO:0042802 [identical protein binding] GO:0042805 [actinin binding] GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0044212 [transcription regulatory region DNA binding] GO:0045087 [innate immune response] GO:0045893 [positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0046982 [protein heterodimerization activity] GO:0048011 [neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway] GO:0050852 [T cell receptor signaling pathway] GO:0051092 [positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity] GO:0051403 [stress-activated MAPK cascade] GO:0071222 [cellular response to lipopolysaccharide] GO:0071260 [cellular response to mechanical stimulus] GO:0071316 [cellular response to nicotine] GO:0071347 [cellular response to interleukin-1] GO:0071354 [cellular response to interleukin-6] GO:0071375 [cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus] GO:0090263 [positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway] GO:1900127 [positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process] GO:2000630 [positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process]
THUMBUP predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Plasma proteins Transcription factors Immunoglobulin fold RAS pathway related proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers FDA approved drug targets Small molecule drugs Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
Show all
GO:0000122 [negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0000975 [regulatory region DNA binding] GO:0000976 [transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000977 [RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0000980 [RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0001205 [transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding] GO:0001227 [transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific binding] GO:0002223 [stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway] GO:0002224 [toll-like receptor signaling pathway] GO:0002755 [MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway] GO:0002756 [MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway] GO:0003677 [DNA binding] GO:0003682 [chromatin binding] GO:0003700 [transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005634 [nucleus] GO:0005654 [nucleoplasm] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005739 [mitochondrion] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0006355 [regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0006366 [transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0006915 [apoptotic process] GO:0006954 [inflammatory response] GO:0007165 [signal transduction] GO:0007249 [I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0008134 [transcription factor binding] GO:0010744 [positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation] GO:0010884 [positive regulation of lipid storage] GO:0010956 [negative regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity] GO:0010957 [negative regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process] GO:0031293 [membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis] GO:0032269 [negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process] GO:0032375 [negative regulation of cholesterol transport] GO:0032481 [positive regulation of type I interferon production] GO:0033256 [I-kappaB/NF-kappaB complex] GO:0034134 [toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway] GO:0034138 [toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway] GO:0034142 [toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway] GO:0034146 [toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway] GO:0034162 [toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway] GO:0034166 [toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway] GO:0035666 [TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway] GO:0038061 [NIK/NF-kappaB signaling] GO:0038095 [Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway] GO:0038123 [toll-like receptor TLR1:TLR2 signaling pathway] GO:0038124 [toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 signaling pathway] GO:0042802 [identical protein binding] GO:0042805 [actinin binding] GO:0043066 [negative regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0044212 [transcription regulatory region DNA binding] GO:0045087 [innate immune response] GO:0045893 [positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated] GO:0045944 [positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter] GO:0046982 [protein heterodimerization activity] GO:0048011 [neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway] GO:0050852 [T cell receptor signaling pathway] GO:0051092 [positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity] GO:0051403 [stress-activated MAPK cascade] GO:0071222 [cellular response to lipopolysaccharide] GO:0071260 [cellular response to mechanical stimulus] GO:0071316 [cellular response to nicotine] GO:0071347 [cellular response to interleukin-1] GO:0071354 [cellular response to interleukin-6] GO:0071375 [cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus] GO:0090263 [positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway] GO:1900127 [positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process] GO:2000630 [positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process]