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Cancer cells were in general weakly stained or negative. Renal cancers and a few hepatocellular carcinomas showed moderate to strong cytoplasmic immunoreactivity.
Several cases of liver cancers displayed strong cytoplasmic staining. Moderate staining was observed in a majority of cases of testicular, urothelial, renal, stomach, pancreatic and colorectal cancers. Remaining cancers were in general weakly stained or negative.
Hepatocellular carcinomas showed moderate to strong cytoplasmic and nuclear staining. Several cases of renal cancers displayed moderate to strong cytoplasmic, membranous and nuclear positivity. A few pancreatic cancers showed strong cytoplasmic and membranous immunoreactivity. Remaining cancers were generally negative.
GENE INFORMATION
Gene name
GSTA3
Synonyms
Description
Glutathione S-transferase alpha 3 (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. These enzymes are involved in cellular defense against toxic, carcinogenic, and pharmacologically active electrophilic compounds. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-tranferase belonging to the alpha class genes that are located in a cluster mapped to chromosome 6. Genes of the alpha class are highly related and encode enzymes with glutathione peroxidase activity. However, during evolution, this alpha class gene diverged accumulating mutations in the active site that resulted in differences in substrate specificity and catalytic activity. The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the double bond isomerization of precursors for progesterone and testosterone during the biosynthesis of steroid hormones. An additional transcript variant has been identified, but its full length sequence has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
