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Moderate to strong cytoplasmic positivity was observed in melanomas, colorectal, endometrial and several cases of ovarian, gastric, pancreatic and liver cancers. Several lung, testicular and urothelial cancers were moderately stained. Remaining cancers were weakly stained or negative.
A majority of cancer cells displayed weak to moderate cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. A few cases of melanomas, cholangiocarcinomas, pancreatic, colorectal and endometrial cancers were strongly stained. Lymphomas and several gliomas, cervical and skin cancers were negative.
This gene encodes a protein-disulfide isomerase. Its expression is induced by hypoxia and its role may be to protect hypoxic cells from apoptosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Read-through transcription also exists between this gene and the neighboring upstream MUTED (muted homolog) gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]