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Colorectal, ovarian, pancreatic and liver cancers and a few cases of lung and gastric cancers exhibited weak to moderate cytoplasmic and/or membranous immunoreactivity. Remaining malignant cells were generally negative.
Few lung and breast cancers showed strong cytoplasmic positivity. Thyroid cancers along with several testicular cancers showed moderate staining. Remaining cancers tissues were negative.
GENE INFORMATION
Gene name
PEG10 (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms
HB-1, KIAA1051, Mar2, Mart2, MEF3L, RGAG3
Description
Paternally expressed 10 (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
This is a paternally expressed imprinted gene that is thought to have been derived from the Ty3/Gypsy family of retrotransposons. It contains two overlapping open reading frames, RF1 and RF2, and expresses two proteins: a shorter, gag-like protein (with a CCHC-type zinc finger domain) from RF1; and a longer, gag/pol-like fusion protein (with an additional aspartic protease motif) from RF1/RF2 by -1 translational frameshifting (-1 FS). While -1 FS has been observed in RNA viruses and transposons in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, this gene represents the first example of -1 FS in a eukaryotic cellular gene. This gene is highly conserved across mammalian species and retains the heptanucleotide (GGGAAAC) and pseudoknot elements required for -1 FS. It is expressed in adult and embryonic tissues (most notably in placenta) and reported to have a role in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Overexpression of this gene has been associated with several malignancies, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and B-cell lymphocytic leukemia. Knockout mice lacking this gene showed early embryonic lethality with placental defects, indicating the importance of this gene in embryonic development. Additional isoforms resulting from alternatively spliced transcript variants, and use of upstream non-AUG (CUG) start codon have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]