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This gene encodes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) - a heme enzyme that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in tryptophan catabolism to N-formyl-kynurenine. This enzyme acts on multiple tryptophan substrates including D-tryptophan, L-tryptophan, 5-hydroxy-tryptophan, tryptamine, and serotonin. This enzyme is thought to play a role in a variety of pathophysiological processes such as antimicrobial and antitumor defense, neuropathology, immunoregulation, and antioxidant activity. Through its expression in dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages this enzyme modulates T-cell behavior by its peri-cellular catabolization of the essential amino acid tryptophan.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]
Enzymes ENZYME proteins Oxidoreductases MEMSAT3 predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
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GO:0002376 [immune system process] GO:0002534 [cytokine production involved in inflammatory response] GO:0002666 [positive regulation of T cell tolerance induction] GO:0002678 [positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response] GO:0002830 [positive regulation of type 2 immune response] GO:0004833 [tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity] GO:0005515 [protein binding] GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] GO:0005829 [cytosol] GO:0006569 [tryptophan catabolic process] GO:0006954 [inflammatory response] GO:0007565 [female pregnancy] GO:0009055 [electron carrier activity] GO:0019441 [tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine] GO:0020037 [heme binding] GO:0030485 [smooth muscle contractile fiber] GO:0032421 [stereocilium bundle] GO:0032496 [response to lipopolysaccharide] GO:0032693 [negative regulation of interleukin-10 production] GO:0032735 [positive regulation of interleukin-12 production] GO:0033555 [multicellular organismal response to stress] GO:0033754 [indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity] GO:0034276 [kynurenic acid biosynthetic process] GO:0034641 [cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process] GO:0036269 [swimming behavior] GO:0042130 [negative regulation of T cell proliferation] GO:0043065 [positive regulation of apoptotic process] GO:0044281 [small molecule metabolic process] GO:0046007 [negative regulation of activated T cell proliferation] GO:0046872 [metal ion binding] GO:0055114 [oxidation-reduction process] GO:0070233 [negative regulation of T cell apoptotic process] GO:0070234 [positive regulation of T cell apoptotic process]
