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Several cases in the majority of malignancies exhibited moderate to strong cytoplasmic positivity, combined with nuclear and/or membranous positivity. Malignant carcinoids, gliomas, prostate and testicular cancers were in general negative.
A majority of malignant tissues were negative. Several malignant lymphomas, ovarian cancers and malignant melanomas displayed weak to moderate nuclear and cytoplasmic staining.
Strong cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity was observed in several cases of lymphomas along with a few cases of melanomas, endometrial, lung, pancreatic, gastric, colorectal and urothelial cancers. Remaining cancer tissues were negative.
A few cases of non-Hodgkins lymphomas and papillary adenocarcinomas of thyroid exhibited moderate to strong cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity. A few melanomas, colorectal, endometrial, lung and urothelial cancers showed weak to moderate staining. Remaining cancer tissues were negative.
Several endometrial, colorectal and thyroid cancers along with few ovarian, pancreas and stomach cancers showed weak to moderate cytoplasmic positivity. Other cancer tissues were generally negative.
Few cases of colorectal, endometrial, gastric, pancreatic and thyroid cancer along with melanomas displayed weak to moderate nuclear and/or cytoplasmic staining. Subset of inflammatory cells were distinctly stained. Remaining cancer tissues were mainly negative.
GENE INFORMATION
Gene name
S100A4 (HGNC Symbol)
Synonyms
18A2, 42A, CAPL, FSP1, MTS1, P9KA, PEL98
Description
S100 calcium binding protein A4 (HGNC Symbol)
Entrez gene summary
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein may function in motility, invasion, and tubulin polymerization. Chromosomal rearrangements and altered expression of this gene have been implicated in tumor metastasis. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Plasma proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Plasma proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Protein evidence (Kim et al 2014) Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Plasma proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
SPOCTOPUS predicted membrane proteins Predicted intracellular proteins Plasma proteins Cancer-related genes Candidate cancer biomarkers Protein evidence (Ezkurdia et al 2014)
